This site contains scientific articles on parapsychology . The sequence of these articles tells the story of how my thinking on these topics has evolved. The articles that I think are most relevant are marked with an *.
The articles are listed below in the following categories:
Most of the recent articles are provided in html (easy to access), pdf , and Word document (better for printing) formats. Links to other sites that have the article are also provided in some cases.
For those not familiar with the terminology used in psychical research, the term "psi" is used to mean any type of psychic phenomena.
J.E. Kennedy
*Conclusions about Paranormal Phenomena.
(2013), J.E. Kennedy. Published on the internet.
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pdf
*Coming to Terms with the Trickster.
(2016), J.E. Kennedy. Talk given at the 2016 combined
convention of the Parapsychology Association and Society for Scientific Exploration.
pdf
*Personality and Motivations to Believe, Misbelieve, and Disbelieve in
Paranormal Phenomena.
(2005), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 69, Pages 263-292.
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pdf
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*What is the Purpose of Psi? (2004), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, Volume 98, Pages 1-27
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The Polarization of Psi Beliefs: Rational, Controlling, Masculine Skepticism
versus Interconnected, Spiritual, Feminine Belief. (2003), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of
the American Society for Psychical Research, Volume 97, Pages 27-42.
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pdf
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Spirituality and the Capricious, Evasive Nature of Psi.
(2006), J.E. Kennedy,
for the National Conference on Yoga and Parapsychology, January, 2006,
Visakhapatnam, India. [Version of 5/14/2007]
pdf
doc
The Roles of Religion, Spirituality, and Genetics in
Paranormal Beliefs. (2004), J.E. Kennedy, Skeptical Inquirer,
Volume 28, Number 2 (March-April), pages 39-42.
pdf
*The Capricious, Actively Evasive, Unsustainable Nature of Psi: A Summary
and Hypotheses. (2003), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 67, Pages 53-74.
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pdf
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[Letter on capricious psi]. (2004), Joop M. Houtkooper,
Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 68, Pages 189-191.
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pdf
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[Response to letter on capricious psi]. (2004), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 68, Pages 191-193.
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Commentary on "Experiments on Distant Intercessory Prayer" in Archives
of Internal Medicine. (2002), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 66, Pages 177-182.
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pdf
*Do People Guide Psi or Does Psi Guide People? Evidence and Implications
from Life and Lab. (2000), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of the American Society for
Psychical Research Volume 94, Pages 130-150.
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*An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Paranormal and Spiritual Experiences
on Peoples' Lives and Well-Being. (1995), J.E. Kennedy and H. Kanthamani, Journal of
the American Society for Psychical Research, Volume 89, Pages 249-264.
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Association Between Anomalous Experiences and Artistic Creativity and Spirituality.
(1995), J.E. Kennedy and H. Kanthamani, Journal of
the American Society for Psychical Research, Volume 89, Pages 333-343.
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Psychic and Spiritual Experiences, Health, Well-Being, and Meaning in Life.
(1994), J.E. Kennedy, H. Kanthamani, and J. Palmer, Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 58, Pages 353-383.
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Information in Life, Consciousness,
Quantum Physics, and Paranormal Phenomena.
(2011), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 75, Pages 15-43.
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[Book Review of Irreducible Mind: Toward a
Psychology for the 21st Century by Edward Kelly, et al.]
(2006), J.E. Kennedy Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 70, Pages 373-377.
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pdf
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*Coming to Terms with the Trickster.
(2016), J.E. Kennedy. Talk given at the 2016 combined
convention of the Parapsychology Association and Society for Scientific Exploration.
pdf
*Can Parapsychology Move Beyond the Controversies of
Retrospective Meta-Analysis (2013), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 77, Pages 21-35.
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[Letter on meta-analysis in parapsychology]. (2006),
J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 70, Pages 410-413.
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A Proposal and Challenge for Proponents and Skeptics of Psi. (2004), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 68, Pages 157-167.
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[Letter on power analysis in parapsychology]. (2003), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 67, Pages 406-408.
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Why is Psi so Elusive? A Review and Proposed Model. (2001), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 65, Pages 219-245.
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*Methods for Investigating Goal-Oriented Psi. (1995), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 59, Pages 47-62.
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Exploring the Limits of Science and Beyond: Research Strategy and Status.
(1994), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 58, Pages 59-77.
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Experimenter Effects in Parapsychological Research. (1976),
J.E. Kennedy and Judith L. Taddonio, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 40, Pages 1-33.
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Book review of
Parapsychology: A Handbook for the 21st Century, 2015, edited by Etzel Cardeña, John Palmer, and
David Marcusson-Clavertz. (2016), J.E. Kennedy, Published on the internet. (A condensed version was published
in the Journal of Parapsychology, 2016, Volume 80, Pages 99-106.)
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pdf
[Letter in Response to Doug Stokes about the Role
of Spontaneous Experiences]. (2016), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 80, Pages 267-269.
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*Is the Methodological Revolution in Psychology Over
or Just Beginning? (2016), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 80,
Pages 56-68.
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pdf
*Experimenter Fraud: What are Appropriate Methodological
Standards? (2017), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 81,
Pages 63-72.
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*Can Parapsychology Move Beyond the Controversies of
Retrospective Meta-Analysis? (2013), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 77, Pages 21-35.
html
pdf
*Planning Falsifiable Confirmatory Research (2023),
James E. Kennedy.
pdf
(Also at PsyArXiv )
Research Audit for the Transparent Psi Project (TPP) (2023),
James E. Kennedy.
pdf
PsyArXiv )
Lessons and Recommendations from a Research Audit for
the Transparent Psi Project (TPP) (2023), James E. Kennedy.
pdf
The American Statistician Special Issue on Statistical Inference [letter] (2019),
Caroline A. Watt and J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 83, Pages 283-285.
pdf
Beware of Inferential Errors and Low Power
with Bayesian Analyses: Power Analysis is needed for Confirmatory Research
(2015), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 79, Pages 53-64.
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Bayesian and Classical Hypothesis Testing:
Practical Differences for a Controversial Area of Research (2014),
J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 78, Pages 170-182.
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[Letter on methodology for presentiment
studies] (2014), J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 78, Pages 273-274.
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pdf
Methodology for Confirmatory Experiments
on Physiological Measures of Precognitive Anticipation (2013),
J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 77, Pages 237-248.
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Options for Prospective Meta-Analysis and Introduction of
Registration-Based Prospective Meta-Analysis (2017), Caroline Watt and James E. Kennedy,
Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 7. Article 2030.
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Lessons from the First Two Years of Operating a
Study Registry (2015), Caroline Watt and James E. Kennedy,
Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 6. Article 173. In December 2015 comments were added to
the online article to update it with recent developments.
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[Letter on methodology for confirmatory
studies] (2013),
J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 77, Pages 304-306.
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Book review of
Psychology and the Paranormal: Exploring Anomalous Experience, 2020, by David F. Marks. (2022),
James E. Kennedy, Journal of Scientific Exploration, Volume 36, Number 1, Pages 161-166.
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Critique of Cumming’s “New Statistics” for
Psychological Research: A Perspective from Outside Psychology (2018),
J.E. Kennedy, Published on the internet.
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pdf
Counterintuitive Results for Statistical Tests
with High Power (2014), J.E. Kennedy, Published on the internet.
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Skepticism and Negative Results in Borderline Areas of
Science (1981), J.E. Kennedy, Published on the internet.
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Methodological Problems in Free-Response ESP Experiments (1979),
J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, Volume 73, Pages 1-15.
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More on Methodological Issues in Free-Response Psi
Experiments (1979), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, Volume 73, Pages 395-401.
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Learning to Use ESP: Do the Calls Match the Targets or Do
the Targets Match the Calls? (1980), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, Volume 74, Pages 191-222.
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Ambiguous Data Result in Ambiguous Conclusions: A Reply
to Charles T. Tart (1980), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, Volume 74, Pages 349-356.
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A Methodological Note on Psychophysiological Studies
in Parapsychology (1978), J.E. Kennedy,
Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 40, Pages 308-310.
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Experimenter Misconduct in Parapsychology: Analysis Manipulation
and Fraud
(2014), James E. Kennedy. Published on the internet with permission granted for reproduction per
the Copyright Notice at the end of the article.
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Notes on a Case of Scientific Fraud in Parapsychology.
[Book Review of Science and Psychic Phenomena:
The Fall of the House of Skeptics by Chris Carter]
(2012), J.E. Kennedy Journal of Parapsychology,
Volume 76, Pages 391-395.
pdf
Possible Paranormal Components of Anticipation:
Psychophysiological Explorations (1979),
J.E. Kennedy, Full paper published on the internet. The abstract was published in
Journal of Parapsychology, 1979, Volume 43, Pages 360-363.
Abstract: pdf
doc
Full Paper: pdf
doc
Technical Appendix: pdf
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PK Experiments Using Light as the Stimulus with Rodents,
Insects, and a Plant (1979),
J.E. Kennedy, Full paper published on the internet. The abstract was published
in Journal of Parapsychology, 1979, Volume 43,
Pages 358-359
Abstract: pdf
doc
Full Paper: pdf
doc
Are Psychological Tests Nonintentional Psi Tasks? (1978),
J.E. Kennedy and JoMarie Haight, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 42, Pages 33-50.
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An Attempt to Replicate the "Checker Effect" (1977),
J.E. Kennedy, J.T. O'Brien, D. O'Brien, and H. Kanthamani. This abstract was published
in Journal of Parapsychology, 1977, Volume 41,
Pages 377-378
pdf
Comparison of Performance on Subsensory and Extrasensory
Perception Tasks (1977),
JoMarie Haight, Melissa Morrison, and J. E. Kennedy. This abstract was published in the
Journal of Parapsychology, 1977, Volume 41, pages 34-35, for a paper presented
at the 1977 Southeastern Regional Parapsychological Association Conference.
pdf
Interaction of Certain Personality Variables and Feedback
in a Computerized ESP Test (1978), JoMarie Haight, H. Kanthamani, and J. E. Kennedy.
This abstract was published in the Journal of Parapsychology, 1978, Volume 42, pages 51-52,
for a paper presented at the 1978 Southeastern Regional Parapsychological Association
Conference.
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A Study of Spontaneous Experiences Among Unselected High-School
Subjects (1978), JoMarie Haight, H. Kanthamani, and J. E. Kennedy.
This abstract was published in the Journal of Parapsychology, 1978, Volume 42, pages 67-68,
for a paper presented at the 1978 Southeastern Regional Parapsychological Association
Conference.
pdf
Redundancy in Psi Information: Implications for the
Goal-Oriented Hypothesis and for The Application of Psi (1979),
J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 43, Pages 290-314.
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Consistent Missing: A Type of Information-Processing
Error in ESP (1979),
J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 43, Pages 113-128.
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The Role of Task Complexity in PK: A Review (1978),
J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 42, Pages 89-122.
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Information Processing in ESP: A Survey of Forced-Choice
Experiments Using Multiple-Aspect Targets (1980),
J.E. Kennedy, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 44, Pages 9-34.
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Parapsychological Articles by Other Authors
KPU Study Registry for Parapsychological Experiments
Exceptional Human Experience Network
Articles on Changes in Spirituality and Well-Being